The early modern period refers to the era between the late 15th century and the late 18th century, encompassing major historical events such as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment. This period saw significant cultural, intellectual, and political developments, including the rise of nation-states, the exploration and colonization of the Americas, and the growth of humanism. Research in this area may focus on topics such as art, literature, philosophy, religion, science, politics, and society during this transformative period in history.